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Not all pigment is the same

Most people have more than one type, and every person’s pigment needs its own treatment plan.

Sun damage
brown spots and freckling from years of sun exposure. Often the quickest to respond.
Benign pigmented lesions
individual spots that stand out from the surrounding skin.
Melasma
patches driven by genetics, hormones (often after pregnancy), sun and heat. Men get it too, and it can rebound if treated too aggressively.
PIH (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation)
dark marks left behind after acne, injury or even a previous treatment. Because laser treatment itself can trigger PIH, what you do after each session matters as much as the laser. Dr. O’Connell evaluates every patient personally and tailors the laser settings, the time between sessions and your aftercare to your specific pigment. That’s also why he created Restoration Biophysics: physician-designed recovery care for the weeks after laser, made without hydroquinone. Hydroquinone, the traditional option, is limited to short courses and carries a risk of ochronosis, a permanent blue-black darkening of the skin.